15,000 years ago, first humans cross from Asia to North America to populate North and Central America
1492    Christopher Columbus discovers the Americas
1521    Hernan Cortés conquers Mexico
1539    Fray Marcos de Niza enters Santa Cruz Valley at future Lochiel in search of Seven Cities of Cibola
1690    Father Eusebio Kino travels northern Sonora & southern Arizona (Pimería Alta) to Christianize Indians
1701    Kino establishes the visita of Guevavi, later a mission
1711    Kino dies in Magdalena
1752    Presidio of Tubac established
1768    King Charles III of Spain expels the Jesuits, replaced by the Franciscans
1775    Juan Bautista Anza leads 30 Tubac families to establish bay area Mission &  Presidio of San Francisco
1808    Napoleon I invades Spain, causes King Ferdinand VII to abdicate, brother Joseph Bonaparte made King
1810    Mexico claims independence from Spain, September 16th  in part, rejecting a Bonaparte ruling Spain
1821    Mexico gains independence from Spain
1841    Los Nogales de Elias (site ambos of Nogales) land grant made to Elias family by Mexican government 
1846    Mexico attacks Texas April, 1846 and Polk declares war; Gen W Scott reaches Mexico City Sept 1847
1849    Treaty Guadalupe Hidalgo, US annexes Texas, US pays $15 mil, Mexico cedes Calif and New Mexico
1849    President Polk confirms gold discovery in California in farewell address, Dec 1848
1849    Mexican War vets join California Gold Rush and travel along San Pedro and Santa Cruz Rivers to CA
1853    US purchases land south of Gila River, “Gadsden Purchase” from Mexico for $10 million
1854    Mining begins in the Santa Rita Mountains and elsewhere in Santa Cruz County
1854    Mexican War veteran, quartermaster Pete Kitchen moves to Canoa to feed miners
1855    Major Wm Emory surveys to establish border, at site of Nogales, June 1855 meets with local indians
1857    US Army sends Major Enoch Steen to establish Camp Moore in present day Rio Rico (Calabasas)
1858    Major Steen moves troops up Sonoita Creek to establish Fort Buchanan (Hog Canyon Road, US82)
1859    Capt Richard S. Ewell (later Lt Gen Ewell, CSA) commands Ft Buchanan, buys Mowry Mine
1861    Firing on Fort Sumpter, SC,  Civil War begins April 1861,  Fort Buchanan closed, return to DC
1861    Without US Army, Apache uprisings drive settlers out of Santa Cruz Valley
1862    Pete Kitchen leaves Magdalena to settle “El Potrero” Ranch and begins first US-Mexican trade
1862    CSA President Jefferson Davis declares “territory of Arizona” part of the Confederacy
1863    Charles Poston of Tubac, causes Pres. Lincoln to create Arizona Territory, Feb 14, 1862
1867    US Army establishes Camp Crittendon near site of Fort Buchanan
1877    Col Chas Sykes buys Tumacacori, Calabasas, & Guevavi land grants, creates town of Calabasas
1878    William Ray Morley surveys rail route to Guaymas from Benson for Cyrus Field, CEO Santa Fe RR
1879    Sonora Railway incorporated in Massachusetts by Santa Fe President, Nickerson
1880    Jacob Issacson builds a trading post in “Nogales pass”
1882    US Post Office called “Issacson” established in May
1882    Camerons buy 150,000 acre San Raphael grant La Noria renamed Lochiel after Scottish family castle
1882    Colin Cameron brings first big shipment of Hereford cattle to San Raphael
1882    Col J. Sykes opens Santa Rita Hotel in early October, 1882
1882    Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe RR builds depot straddling border, names “Nogales” after Elias ranch
1882    Meeting of Rails in Nogales by Santa Fe owned, Sonora Railway and New Mexico-Arizona RR, Oct 25
1883    Nogales’ first physician, Dr William Chenoweth, arrives in Nogales
1883    First public school opened
1884    Pioneer Nogalian, then a child, Ada Ekey Jones arrives in Nogales
1885    Nogales first weekly newspaper, the Frontier opened by publisher J.L. Glinn, closed in 1888
1886    Geronimo last rampage kills A.L. Peck’s wife and child:  Peck survives, opens livery stable in Nogales
1886    Four churches built in Nogales
1887    US Customs hires Jeff Milton as “Chinese Agent” to patrol border for smugglers & cattle rustlers
1888    Edward Titcomb, establishes pioneer firm of Roy and Titcomb
1890    U.S. Collector of Customs, first in Nogales appointed George Christ on May 28th
1892    Spaniard Manuel Escalada and wife Domitilia arrive to establish business, later Escalada Brothers
1892    First International Bank opens
1892    Nogales Electric Light Company and ice plant opens
1893    July 21, 1893 Nogales incorporated as city; Pima County Supervisors appoint council
1893    Nogales city council appoints James B. Mix, first Mayor of Nogales
1893    Nogales newspaper, The Oasis, published in Nogales by Allen T. Bird
1895    Nogales Volunteer Fire Dept established; engine and equipment purchased from Tombstone
1894    Nogales Pioneer and future entrepreneur, Wirt G. Bowman arrives in Nogales
1894    Californian Frank M. King arrives to publish newspaper, Border Vidette
1894    Mexican Customs House built
1896    Henry Flipper petitions US gov’t for clear title to one square mile for city of Nogales & receives in 1898
1896    Richard Rollin establishes town of “Rollin”, 3 years later renamed Patagonia
1897    Southern Pacific leases New Mexico & Arizona and Sonora Railway from AT& Santa Fe railroad
1897    Nogales issues first telephone franchise
1898    US Customs asks Congress to declare 60 foot two mile long strip and clear all buildings
1898    King sells the Border Vidette to Emory D. Miller
1898    Nogales’ first photographer, William J. Neumann, moves to Nogales
1898    Austrian Luka Mastick opens Monte Carlo Dairy
1899    Nogalians on March 15th form Santa Cruz County separating from Pima County
1899    Nogales first hospital, St. Josephs, built on Sonoita St under leadership of Dr. Chenoweth
1901    Frenchman Julian Sabatier opens fashionable dept store, La Ville de Paris, on Morley Avenue
1902    Nogales attorney William McCurdy buys the first automobile
1902    New York railroad baron, Edward Harriman takes control of Southern Pacific railroad
1904    Santa Cruz County Courthouse completed
1905    Southern Pacific builds new railroad depot that houses businesses including Railway Express Agency
1905    June issue of Border Vidette, reports railroad car of tomatoes to cross at Nogales
1906    Nogales’ first motion picture theater opened by photographer Neumann
1906    Union Pacific and Southern Pacific, both under EH Harriman, form Pacific Fruit Express
1907    Nogales, Sonora officially becomes a city;
1907    Gas franchise awarded 
1907    Future mayor (1927-1933) and business man, Harry Karns arrives
1909    Southern Pacific CEO Edward Harriman arrives in Nogales and rides rails to Culiacan, Sinaloa
1910    Nov., Madero overthrows Diaz, begins Mexican revolution
1910    US Infantry camp organized near Morley and Hudgin Street to protect border at Nogales
1910    US  &  Mexican governments agree to fence border as “deterrent to outlawry”; fence built date unknown 1910    Southern Pacific completes rail line from Tucson to Nogales
1912    Arizona Territory becomes State of Arizona,  48th state in the Union on February 14, 1912
1912    Water works on the Santa Cruz River begins pumping water for City of Nogales
1913    Col Emilio Kosterlitzky surrenders Mexican federal Rurales troops to Capt Cornelius Smith, March 13th
1914    City Hall cornerstone laid on Nov 19th by Capt L. W. Mix, father of Nogales Fire Department
1914    December 31st, Arizona legislature prohibits consumption of alcohol declaring Arizona “dry”.
1914    Mrs. Lucretia Roberts Januels elected constable, appointed first woman deputy sheriff in US
1914    Board of Trade reorganized as Nogales Chamber of Commerce
1915    July 24th NY Times: Maj Gen Funston ordered not to permit firing from Mexican side at Nogales
1915    Nov,  Carranzista Gen Obregon battles Pancho Villa’s troops in Nogales, Son;  Americans watch battle
1915    Carranzista victory forces Sonora Gov Maytorena into exile, replaced by Plutarco Elias Calles
1915    Nov 26th, Mexican soldiers fires on US side, kills Pvt Stephen D. Littles; US Army names Camp Little
1915    Donnadieu brothers, owners of giant cave on Elias Street, open La Caverna Restaurant
1915    Nogales High School building completed on Plum Street in 1915
1916    March 16th;  Villa raids Columbus, NM;  US responds with Pershing Punitive Expeditionary Force
1917    April 17th,  Pres Wilson declares war on Germany;  300 Mexicans join U.S. Army
1917    Nogales Volunteer Fire Dept buys 1917 American La France, first motorized fire truck
1917    Wirt Bowman completes Bowman Hotel
1918    Aug 28th;  Mexican fails to stop at border,  US fires warning shot,  Mexican shoots US, battle ensues
1918    Sept 7th, Hanson Ray Sisk, reporter in Nogales since 1914, becomes sole owner of Nogales Daily Herald  
1921    Nogales Rotary Club formed
1922    Arroyo is covered
1922    Grand Avenue crossing gate is built
1922    Hyman Capin closes tailor shop (1919) at Camp Little, purchases El Paso Store from Sam Leeker
1923    Mexican President Alvaro Obregon visits and presents woven serape with image of George Washington
1924    Nogales Public Library organized by Nogales Woman’s Club
1924    US Post Office built on corner of Morley and Hudgin Streets
1924    Charlie Bracker opens Army Store
1925    Nogales International weekly newspaper formed by Craig Pottinger
1926    Nogales City Charter adopted under Mayor Duane Bird
1927    Southern Pacific initiates “El Costeño”, through Pullman passenger rail service Tucson - Guadalajara
1928    Nogales International Airport dedicated
1928    New Montezuma Hotel built on site of old hotel
1928    Resort Hotel Esplendor, later Rancho Grande Hotel, opens in March with actress Dolores Del Rio
1928    Nogalian Bowman & LA Biltmore Hotel owner, Baron Long, open Agua Caliente Resort in Tijuana
1929    Mexico has “Six weeks Revolution” including a wayward air bomb (a dud) dropped in Hank’s Garage
1931    Louise Foccar Marshall, wealthy Tucson property owner tried for murder of husband and acquitted
1932    Mexico expels Chinese, hundreds at the border
1932    Sonora & Sinaloa governors organize growers, force to ship to Wells Fargo, 110 unemployed in Nogales
1933    January, Camp Little officially closed;  WPA projects begin
1934    U.S. Customs and Immigration Building constructed
1934    Sonora & Sinaloa governors rescind 32 produce co-op order after shipments drop from 6000 to 1200
1935    WPA builds Civic Building
1935    International Boundary and Water Commission builds flood control conduit under ambos Nogales
1937    Harry Nick and produceman Martin “Marty” Loughman organize first “Fiesta de los Tomateros”
1939    Nogales High School band participates in competition in San Francisco
1941    U.S. declares war on Japan and Germany, Mexico follows with similar declaration
1941    William Beatus buys Rancho Grande Hotel, leases airport and develops 500 acre Beatus Estates
1943    Retired officer, Col Gil Procter purchases Pete Kitchen’s “El Potrero Ranch”
1944    “Tomateros” Holm, Bennan, Martinez, & Park form West Mexico Vegetable Distributor’s Association
1946    AP photographer of flag raising at Iwo Jima fame, Joe Rosenthal, visits Nogales, presents photo
1946    Walter Holm opens tomato prepackaging plant offera year-round distribution of tomatoes from Nogales
1946    Walter Holm & Company purchases first four long-haul trucks to transport Mexican tomatoes
1948    Pimeria Alta Historical Society formed by H.R. Sisk, Harry Karns, and Albert Abbott
1949    Nogales pioneer Wirt G. Bowman dies
1950    Highway from Nogales to Guaymas is paved
1953    First refrigerated trucks move produce in Mexico
1954    Wally Byman Airstream trailer caravan comes through Nogales en route to Acapulco
1956    Three Nogales pioneers die:  Edward Titcomb, Joseph Wise and Harry Karns die
1956    Nogalians vote to buy Citizen’s Utilities contested in court tried in Bisbee, Citizen’s Utilities remains
1957    First frozen storage facilities for Mexican shrimp opened at Walter Holm & Company
1963    Mexican Customs House of ’93 razed and new border arches, flag park and immigration facilities built
1964    New US Customs and Immigration facility built at the border; 1905 RR depot destroyed
1966    Interstate 19 comes to Nogales destroys most historic bldgs of Sonoita and Crawford Streets
1967    First maquiladora plant opens in Nogales, Sonora
1969    Parque Industrial de Nogales spearheaded by Richard Campbell opens in Sonora
1969    Nogales Herald publisher of 51 years, Hanson Ray Sisk, dies in October
1971    Restaurant La Roca opens in Nogales, Sonora
1974    Mariposa Port of Entry built west of Nogales on former Harrison ranch, the Mariposa
1974    Presidents Ford and Echeverria meet at Nogales border, hold luncheon meeting in Tubac
1978    New Nogales City Hall built on north Grand Avenue
1982    October, Nogales landmark La Caverna bar and kitchen burn, “The Cavern” remains closed